Surgical Biliary Anatomy and Safety Strategies in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Abstract

Background: Anatomical variations of the extrahepatic biliary tree are common and represent one of the leading causes of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and other hepatobiliary procedures. A comprehensive understanding of these variations is therefore fundamental for safe dissection.

Objective: To review the surgical anatomy and anatomical variations of the biliary tree and the operative strategies used to minimize bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

 Conclusion: Detailed recognition of biliary anatomy, achievement of the Critical View of Safety, use of reliable anatomical landmarks, and timely adoption of bailout procedures are central to reducing bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.