An Overview on Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most effective and cost-efficient surgical procedures in orthopedic practice, providing significant pain relief, functional restoration, and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage knee diseases. It is primarily indicated for advanced osteoarthritis, which is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and affects millions worldwide. Although osteoarthritis remains the most common indication, TKA is also performed in conditions such as inflammatory arthritis, post-traumatic deformities, dysplasia, and malignancy. Over the years, advancements in surgical techniques, implant designs, and perioperative management have expanded its use to a wider range of patients, including younger and more active individuals. Despite its high success rate, careful patient selection, thorough preoperative assessment, and proper surgical planning are essential to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.