Treatment and Outcome of Posterior Fossa Congenital Cystic Lesions in Pediatrics

Abstract

Posterior fossa congenital cystic lesions in pediatric patients represent a heterogeneous group of anomalies that vary in clinical presentation, natural history, and management strategies. These lesions, including arachnoid cysts, Dandy–Walker malformation, mega cisterna magna, and other cystic entities, may remain asymptomatic or present with hydrocephalus and neurological deficits. The optimal treatment approach remains controversial and depends on multiple factors such as lesion type, presence of hydrocephalus, patient age, and symptom severity. Surgical options include cerebrospinal fluid diversion, endoscopic or open cyst fenestration, and lesion resection, while conservative management is considered in selected asymptomatic cases. Understanding the indications, outcomes, and complications of different treatment modalities is essential for improving patient prognosis.