Comparison of Traditional and Vacuum-Assisted Sheaths in Pediatric Supine Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Abstract

Urolithiasis is the third most common disease of the urinary tract and its prevalence has increased over the past decades. The kidney stone prevalence rateworldwide is approximately 1.7–8.8% and it cost about $2.1 billion in 2020 alone. Patients with nephrolithiasis often suffer from short-term complications such as acute renal colic, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria, and long-term complications such as chronic renal failure and hydronephrosis. Therefore, treatment of calculi has always been the focus of surgeons. For renal stones of size > 2cm, the American Urological Association recommends percutaneousnephrolithotomy (PCNL) as the primary treatment. To decrease these risks, vacuum-assisted techniques like vacuum-assisted mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (VAM-PNL) have been introduced, which use continuous suction to lower IRP, reduce operative time, and increase stone-free rates. This review compare between vacuum-assisted technology could and Traditional Sheath in Pediatric Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Supine Position.